What is ELISA? ELISA stands for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It is a type of immunoassay used to identify either the antigen or antibody. This study antigens and antibodies — quantitative or qualitative analysis is done. Samples routinely used in ELISA include plasma, serum, cell lysates, tissue lysates, and cell culture, etc. What does quantitative […]
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What do you mean by Polymerase Chain Reaction? Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular technique that is used to amplify specific segments of DNA for a wide range of molecular technology applications. This technique was developed by Kary Mullis and his coworkers in 1980s and received Nobel Prize for the same. PCR technique allows
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What is Gene Cloning? What do you mean by gene cloning? Gene means a segment of DNA that expresses for a particular protein. And cloning means making multiple copies. So, gene cloning means a technique used for making multiple copies of a gene. If we use PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method for cloning genes then
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What is Northern Blotting? Northern blotting technique in molecular biology is used to detect RNA in a cell. We can also say that to analyze the gene expression in a cell – Northern blotting technique is used. What do we mean by gene expression? As we know that a cell contains nucleus and inside the
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What is Southern Blotting? What is Southern Blotting? Why and how it is done? First of all, we need to understand the word “Southern” – well, this word has come after the name of the scientist Edward M Southern who first developed this Southern Blotting technique at Edinburgh University, United Kingdom in the 1970s. Now,
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When a disease is present in a family, knowledge of defective gene transmission patterns can be used to compute the probability of prospective parents having a child with the disorder. Genetic counselor is the one who calculates genetic probability. Calculation of such genetic probability is important for prospective parents because they will be able to
There are four different kinds of inheritance in pedigree analysis. They are as follows: Tips to Solving Pedigree Problems: Autosomal Dominant Trait Example: Explanation: X-linked Dominant Trait: Example: Explanation: Autosomal Recessive Trait Explanation: X-linked Recessive Trait: Explanation: Let’s discuss a question: In the given pedigree, find out the nature of pedigree.
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Population is one of the most important biological organizations that we study in ecology. It is important for us to understand the meaning of population, population size, population density, and population growth patterns in order to understand how the trend is going to affect our natural resources, biodiversity, and climate as a whole. This article
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Good ozone of the Stratosphere Formation of ozone: Effects of Ozone Depletion: Due to ozone depletion, UV-rays reach the earth surface and cause severe problems. Few harmful effects of UV-rays are mentioned below: Types of UV-rays: UV-A – near to the visible light ranges from 315 – 400 nm Exposure of UV-B Radiation Cause Snow
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Concentration of Greenhouse Gases Gases Concentration CO2 368 ppm CH4 1750 ppb CFC 282 ppt N2O 270 ppb Positive effect: Negative effects: 1. In 20th century, the increase in annual mean temperature is 0.6 °C. How Can We Control Global Warming?
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