Coronavirus is a virus family known for respiratory illnesses, from mild colds to severe conditions like SARS. The 2019 novel coronavirus, first identified in Wuhan, China, has spread globally, raising serious health concerns. This article covers its origins, transmission, symptoms, and prevention tips to help readers stay informed and safe.
In December 2019, many pneumonia cases were registered in China. Doctors after examination found that this pneumonia was caused by a previously unknown virus – now named as 2019 novel coronavirus. In this article we’ll talk about the latest investigation done on coronavirus.
It is important to note that this is a new virus and what is known today about this virus might change in the future. Coronavirus is a large group of viruses consisting of a core genetic material surrounded by an envelope with protein spikes – this gives us the appearance of a crown and crown in Latin is called corona.
There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. When we talk about respiratory symptoms, it may range from common cold to pneumonia and in most people the symptoms are only mild. However, there are other types of coronaviruses that can cause severe disease – these include SARS-Cov (Severe Acute Respiratory Disease Coronavirus) – this was first identified in China in 2003 and MERS-Cov (Middle East Coronavirus) first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.
Now the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has been identified in China – this virus was found in a group of people suffering from pneumonia. These people were directly in contact with the seafood and live animal market in the city of Wuhan, China. The disease spread to the family members and healthcare staffs. At present, the disease has spread in China and other countries as well.
Origin of 2019-nCov
Cornonaviruses circulate in a range of animals such as bat, camel, duck, etc. Sometimes these viruses can enter into humans as well – this is called SPILLOVER. This spillover could be due to a range of factors such as mutation in viruses or increased contact between such animals and humans. For example, MERS-Cov spread from camels and SARS-Cov from cats. The animal reservoir for 2019-nCov has not been known yet.
Transmission of 2019-nCov
The exact mode of transmission by the coronavirus is yet to be determined. However, respiratory viruses are generally transmitted through droplets created when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
People at risk of n-Cov are those who remain in contact with animals such as live animal market workers and those who are caring people infected with coronavirus such as family members or healthcare workers.
The symptoms known so far include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
In severe cases there could be pneumonia, kidney failure and death of an individual.
The diagnosis can be tested by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) – this test identifies virus based on its genetic fingerprint.
Treatment of Novel Coronavirus
There is no specific medication available for the virus and treatment is supportive care only. No vaccine has been developed yet to protect the virus. However, treatment and vaccines are under development.
How to Prevent Transmission of Coronavirus
This coronavirus is present only in a limited geographical area; however, there are a number of standard hygiene practices that have been recommended to protect against infection to further spread. These include:
- Covering mouth and nose while coughing and sneezing with a medical mass
- Avoiding individuals who are unwell
- Appropriate use of medical mask and personal protective equipments
- Wash hands regularly with soap and water
- Avoid unnecessary and unprotective contact with animals
- Wash hands after animal contact
- Cook animal products thoroughly before consuming
- Stay home when feeling unwell
- In case of fever, cough and difficulty breathing – seek medical help
Myths about Coronavirus
Q. Is it safe to receive package or a letter from China?
A. Yes, it is absolutely safe to receive a letter or a package from China. This is because coronaviruses do not survive long on objects such as packages or letters.
Q. Can Pets living at Home spread the Novel Coronavirus?
A. Well, there is no such evidence present that testifies that pets such as cats and dogs get infected with coronavirus. However, it is always advised to wash hands with soap and water after contact with pets. This will help protect individuals from bacterial infections such as E. coli and Salmonella that can pass between humans and pets.
Q. Can pneumonia vaccines protect against the new coronavirus?
A. No, vaccines like haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) and pneumococcal vaccines do not provide protection against coronavirus. Though these vaccines do not cure the disease, but it is highly recommended to get vaccination against respiratory illnesses to protect one’s health.
Q. Do old aged people more susceptible to coronavirus?
A. People of all ages are susceptible to coronavirus. However, older people and people with medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease and asthma appear to be more susceptible to the virus.