body fluids and circulation

Body Fluids and Circulation MCQ

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1 Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood Circulation
2 Body Fluids and Circulation: Composition of Blood
3 Constituents of Blood Plasma
4 Types of White Blood Cells
5 Body Fluids and Circulation: Functions of White Blood Cells
6 Blood and Platelets
7 Body Fluids and Circulation: Red Blood Cells
8 Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood Components and Functions
9 Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood clotting and lymph

Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood Circulation

Q1. Which of the following is the main task of blood circulation in our body?

  1. Transport of nutrients
  2. Transport of nitrogenous wastes
  3. Transport of hormones
  4. Transport of heat
  5. All of the above

Ans: 5

Q2. Which of the following fluids are involved in our circulatory system?

  1. Blood
  2. Lymph
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 4

Q3. Blood is a type of:

  1. Fluid connective tissue
  2. Muscular tissue
  3. Adipose tissue
  4. None of the above

Ans: 1

Q4. The origin of blood fluid connective tissue is:

  1. Epidermal
  2. Mesodermal
  3. Endodermal
  4. None

Ans: 2

Q5. In tissues, cells are separated by intercellular spaces which are filled with matrix. In case of blood, the matrix is:

  1. Fluid type called plasma
  2. Solid
  3. Semi-fluid
  4. None

Ans: 1

Body Fluids and Circulation: Composition of Blood

Q6. Blood can be divided into:

  1. Plasma
  2. Formed elements
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 3

Q7. The color of plasma is:

  1. Red
  2. Pale yellow
  3. Green
  4. White

Ans: 2

Q8. The blood volume occupying plasma is:

  1. 55%
  2. 45%
  3. 44%
  4. 33%

Ans: 1

Q9. Formed elements consisting of 45% of the total blood contains:

  1. RBC
  2. WBC
  3. Platelets
  4. All of the above

Ans: 4

Q10. What do you mean by hematocrit (Hct)?

  1. It is a measurement of the proportion of blood cells (RBC+WBC) in 100 ml of blood
  2. It is a measurement of the proportion of red blood cells in 100 ml of blood
  3. It is a measurement of the proportion of plasma in 100 ml of blood
  4. It is a measurement of the proportion of white blood cells in 100 ml of blood

Ans: 1

Q11. What is the pH of blood?

  1. 0
  2. 4
  3. 0
  4. 4

Ans: 2

Constituents of Blood Plasma

Q12. What is the main constituent of blood plasma?

  1. 90-92% H2O, 6-8% protein, 0.9% inorganic ions, glucose, cholesterol
  2. 90-95% H2O, 6-8% protein, 1.0% inorganic ions, glucose, cholesterol
  3. 60-80% H2O, 6-8% protein, 0.9% inorganic ions, glucose
  4. 85-89% H2O, 6-8% protein, 0.9% inorganic ions, glucose

Ans: 1

Q13. Which of the following is component of plasma is responsible for blood colloidal osmotic pressure?

  1. Albumin protein
  2. Globulin protein
  3. Fibrinogen
  4. None of the above

Ans: 1

Q14. Which of the following cations and anions are most abundant in blood plasma?

  1. Na+, Cl–
  2. Na+, PO42-
  3. Mg2+, Cl–
  4. Ca2+, Cl–

Ans: 1

Q15. What should be the proportion of blood sugar under fasting condition?

  1. 70 – 100 g / 100 ml of blood
  2. 70 – 115 g/ 100 ml of blood
  3. 100 – 150 g/ 100 ml of blood
  4. 80 – 100 g / 100 ml of blood

Ans: 1

Q16.  What is the amount of cholesterol in blood plasma?

  1. 140-210 mg / 100 ml of blood
  2. 140-200 mg / 100 ml of blood
  3. 100-120 mg / 100 ml of blood
  4. 90-120 mg / 100 ml of blood

Ans: 2

Q17. What is the proportion of urea in the blood plasma?

  1. 17-30 mg / 100 ml of blood
  2. 17-35 mg/ 100 ml of blood
  3. 10-20 mg/ 100 ml of blood
  4. 15-35 mg /100 ml of blood

Ans: 2

Q18. What would be the proportion of uric acid in blood plasma?

  1. 4-6 mg / 100 ml of blood
  2. 5-7 mg/ 100 ml of blood
  3. 6-8 mg/ 100 ml of blood
  4. 2-8 mg / 100 ml of blood

Ans: 1

Q19. What is the WBC count in blood?

  1. 4000 – 6000 / cubic millimeter of blood
  2. 6000 – 8000 / cubic millimeter of blood
  3. 5000 – 9000 / cubic millimeter of blood
  4. 2000 – 4000 cubic millimeter of blood

Ans: 2

Q20. The process of formation of leucocyte (WBC) is called?

  1. Leucopoiesis
  2. Lymphopoiesis
  3. Erythropoeisis
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q21. Low WBC count is referred to as:

  1. Leucopoiesis
  2. Leucopenia
  3. Lecucocytosis
  4. None

Ans: 2

Leucocytosis is called when WBC count is more than normal

Types of White Blood Cells

Q22. Which of the following WBCs are granular in nature?

  1. Neutrophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Eosinophils
  4. All of the above

Ans: 4

Q23. Which of the following WBCs are agranular in nature?

  1. Monocytes
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 3

Q24. Which of the following WBC is maximum in percentage (60-65%)?

  1. Neutrophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Monocytes

Ans: 1

Q25. The number of lobes in the nucleus of neutrophils varies from:

  1. 2-7
  2. 2-9
  3. 3-8
  4. 4-9

Ans: 1

Q26. Which of the following WBC is least in number (0.5 – 1.0 %)?

  1. Monocytes
  2. Basophils
  3. Lymphocytes
  4. Eosinophils

Ans: 2

Q27. The S-shaped lobular nucleus is present in:

  1. Neutrophils
  2. Monocytes
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Basophils

Ans: 4

Body Fluids and Circulation: Functions of White Blood Cells

Q28. Which of the following substances are secreted by basophils?

  1. Histamine
  2. Serotonin
  3. Heparin
  4. All of the above

Ans: 4

Q29. Vasodilation (inflammation) is caused by:

  1. Histamine
  2. Serotonin
  3. Heparin
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q30. Two lobed nucleus of WBC is present in:

  1. Monocytes
  2. Basophils
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Neutrophils

Ans: 3

Q31. Which of the following WBC is involved in killing helminth larvae and reduce allergy?

  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Lymphocytes

Ans: 1

Q32. Which of the following has the largest WBC having kidney shaped nucleus?

  1. Basophils
  2. Monocytes
  3. Eosinophils
  4. Neutrophils

Ans: 2

Q33. Which of the following WBC when enter into tissues transform into macrophages?

  1. Monocytes (6-8%)
  2. Basophils (0.5 – 1.0%)
  3. Neutrophils (60-65%)
  4. Acidophils (2-3%)
  5. Lymphocytes (20-25%)

Ans: 1

Q34. Largest nucleus is possessed by:

  1. Monocytes
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Basophils

Ans: 2

Q35. Lymphocytes are further divided into:

  1. B-lymphocytes
  2. T-lymphocytes
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 3

Q36.Which of the following is true of platelets?

  1. Platelets are a type of cells
  2. Platelets are cell fragments from megakaryocytes (stem cells in bone marrow)
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 2

Blood and Platelets

Q37. What is the normal platelet count in blood?

  1. 150000 – 350000 / cubic millimeter of blood
  2. 90000 – 150000 / cubic millimeter of blood
  3. 120000 – 280000/ cubic millimeter of blood
  4. 200000 – 300000 / cubic millimeter of blood

Ans: 1

Q38.Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which:

  1. The platelet count is normal
  2. The platelet count is below normal
  3. The platelet count is above normal
  4. None

Ans: 2

Q39. Platelets are involved in:

  1. Blood clotting
  2. Body defense
  3. Phagocytosis
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q40. Low platelet count leads to:

  1. Internal hemorrhage
  2. Blood clotting
  3. Phagocytosis
  4. None

Ans: 1

Body Fluids and Circulation: Red Blood Cells

Q41. Which of the following is the site for the formation of RBC in our body?

  1. Bone marrow
  2. Liver
  3. Kidney
  4. Spleen

Ans: 1

Q42. Erythropoiesis (formation of RBC) is stimulated by a hormone erythropoietin from:

  1. Kidney
  2. Bone marrow
  3. Liver
  4. Spleen

Ans: 1

Q43. For normal erthropoiesis process, which of the vitamin is required?

  1. Vitamin A
  2. Vitamin K
  3. Vitamin B12
  4. Vitamin D

Ans: 3

Q44. In mammals RBCs are:

  1. Nucleated, circular, biconcave
  2. Enucleated, circular, biconcave
  3. Nucleated, oval, biconvex
  4. Enucleated, oval, biconvex

Ans: 2

Q45. How much haemoglobin is present in each RBC?

  1. 20 picogram
  2. 29 picogram
  3. 34 picogram
  4. 15 picogram

Ans: 2

Q46. What is the normal RBC count?

  1. 5 – 5.5 million / cubic millimeter of blood
  2. 4 – 4.5 million/ cubic millimeter of blood
  3. 3 – 3.5 million / cubic millimeter of blood
  4. None of the above

Ans: 1

Q47. Which of the following instrument is used for RBC count?

  1. Haemocytometer
  2. Haemometer
  3. Erythrocytometer
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q48. If the RBC count is less than normal, it is called:

  1. Erythrocytopenia
  2. Erythrocytosis
  3. Erythropoiesis
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q49. If the RBC count is above than normal, it is called:

  1. Polycythemia
  2. Erythrocytosis
  3. Erythropoiesis
  4. Erythrocytopenia

Ans: 1

Q50.  The main function of RBC is to transport gases such as:

  1. O2
  2. CO2
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 3

Q51. What is the hemoglobin content in blood?

  1. 12 – 16 g / 100 ml of blood
  2. 10 — 14 g / 100 ml of blood
  3. 20 — 30 g / 100 ml of blood
  4. 15 – 30 g / 100 ml of blood

Ans: 1

Q52. The lifespan of RBC is about:

  1. 100 days
  2. 120 days
  3. 80 days
  4. 60 days

Ans: 2

Q53. The graveyard of RBC meaning where RBC is dumped after death is:

  1. Liver
  2. Kidney
  3. Spleen
  4. Gall bladder

Ans: 3

Q54. ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) is a diagnostic technique to find any RBC related disease. This method is:

  1. Non specific
  2. Specific
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q55. ESR uses two methods, they are:

  1. Wintrobe method
  2. Westergen method
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 3

Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood Components and Functions

Q56. The normal albumin to globulin ratio in blood is:

  1. 2:1
  2. 3:1
  3. 4:1
  4. 3:2

Ans: 2

Q57. Increase in ESR has been observed in diseases like:

  1. Tuberculosis
  2. Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. During pregnancy
  4. All of the above

Ans: 4

Q58. Blood grouping is done under two systems, they are:

  1. ABO system
  2. Rh factor
  3. Both
  4. None

Ans: 3

Q59. Antigens or agglutinogens are:

  1. Glycolipids
  2. Glycoproteins
  3. Fats
  4. Proteins

Ans: 2

Q60. Where antigens are present in RBC?

  1. On the cell membrane of RBC
  2. Inside the cytoplasm of RBC
  3. Integrated with haemoglobin
  4. None

Ans: 1

When the transmembrane protein of the cell membrane is attached with a glucose chain, the combined structure forms antigen, which is specific for an antibody.

Q61. Antibody or agglutinins are present in:

  1. Blood plasma
  2. On the surface of RBC
  3. Inside the RBC
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q62. A person with AB blood group will have:

  1. Antigen A and B and no antibody in the plasma
  2. No antigen but anti-A and anti-B antibody
  3. Antigen A and B and anti-A antibody
  4. Antigen A and anti-A and anti-B antibody

Ans: 1

Q63. The blood group O will have:

  1. No antigen but anti-A and anti-B antibody
  2. Antigen A and B are present but not antibody
  3. No antigen and no antibody
  4. No antigen but anti-A antibody

Ans: 1

Q64. Which of the following blood group is a universal donor?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. AB
  4. O

Ans: 4

Q65. Rh factor is present on the RBC membrane. Its chemical nature is:

  1. Glycolipid
  2. Glycoprotein
  3. Protein
  4. Sugar

Ans: 2

Q66. An incompatible marriage will occur if:

  1. Male is Rh +ve and female is Rh –ve
  2. Male is Rh –ve and female is Rh +ve
  3. Any condition is compatible
  4. None

Ans: 1

Q67.Rh incompatibility will lead to:

  1. Death of the first child
  2. Death of the second child
  3. Death of the third child
  4. The child will have gene defects

Ans: 2

The first child will survive as there is no mixing of blood between the mother and the fetus due to the presence of barrier in the placenta. However, at the time of birth, there could be a mixing of maternal and fetal blood. The child having Rh positive antigen triggers in the body of the mother to produce antibodies against the Rh factor, called anti-Rh antibodies. During the second pregnancy, the antibodies can cross the placenta (even though RBCs cannot cross) and enter into the fetal blood and start destroying fetal RBCs.

Large destruction of fetal RBCs lead to jaundice because the RBC breakdown product is bilirubin. Jaundice also damages the brain tissues leading to the death of the child. Such a condition is called erythroblastosis fetalis. To avoid such condition if the mother is given anti-Rh antibodies just after the delivery of the first baby (within a week), the second baby can be survived. Those anti-Rh antibodies will circulate in the mother’s body and will seek out all fetal RBCs which have leaked in – trap them and destroy them. These anti-Rh-antibodies are called Rhogam vaccine, meaning this vaccine contains anti-Rh-antibodies.

Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood clotting and lymph

Q68. How many blood factors are responsible for a normal blood clotting?

  1. 10
  2. 11
  3. 12
  4. 13

Ans: 4

I – Fibrinogen, II – Prothrombin, III – Thromboplastin, IV – Ca ions, V – labile factor, VI – hypothetical factor, VII – stable factor, VIII – anti-haemophilic factor, IX – Christmas factor, X – Stuart Prover factor / or, thrombokinase, XI – Plasma thromboplastin antecedent, XII – surface factor XIII – fibrin stabilizing factor

Note: factor no – III and XIII are secreted by platelets and are present in an inactive form. Once a factor is activated, it acts as a cascade meaning one factor will activate the other factors. The remaining proteinaceous factors are secreted by the liver.

Q69. Blood clotting mechanism is divided into two groups i.e., extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Which of the following statement is true?

  1. Extrinsic pathway begins from the injured tissue by releasing tissue factor and Ca ions and finally leads to the activation of thrombokinase in multiple steps
  2. Intrinsic pathway begins by the secretion of factor III by the platelets leading to the activation of XII factor and will finally activate the factor X
  3. The activated X factor combines with factor V to form an enzyme, called prothrombinase that activates prothrombin (factor II) to thrombin
  4. Thrombin (soluble protein) activates fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble, fibrous clot)
  5. All of the above

Ans: 5

Note, the fibrin in the beginning is not solid enough to form a clot, but thrombin activates factor XIII, which is responsible for stabilizing the fibrin, which was initially a loose network of fibers.

Q70. What do you mean by serum?

  1. It is straw colored fluid left after clot formation
  2. Serum is plasma minus clotting factors
  3. Both a and b
  4. None

Ans: 3

Q71. Which of the following chemical is added to blood to avoid coagulation in the blood bank?

  1. Sodium citrate
  2. Sodium oxalate
  3. Both a and b
  4. None

Ans: 3

Q72. What does the artificial coagulation salt such as sodium citrate do to avoid coagulation of blood?

  1. These salts precipitate out the Ca ion, which is essential for coagulation of blood
  2. These salts inhibit the clotting factors
  3. The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is inhibited by these salts
  4. None of the above

Ans: 1

 

Lymph is a tissue fluid. When artery carries oxygenated blood to the tissues, arteries are divided into various arterioles and finally end in venule. The pressure in the artery is higher than the venule. So, when blood flows from higher pressure to lower pressure, some water and soluble substances come out of the vessels. These are called tissue fluid. Some lymph vessels are present in the tissue fluid and they are more permeable to them and thus allow the tissue fluid to enter into the lymph vessel. Thus the tissue fluid present inside the lymph vessel is called lymph. The lymph vessels finally terminate into the vein where lymph is discharged.

Q73. Which of the following statement is true for lymph?

  1. Lymph is a tissue fluid
  2. The constituent of lymph is similar to the constituent of the plasma, but has less oxygen, nutrients and proteins
  3. Lymph consists of plasma and lymphocytes
  4. Like blood, lymph can also clot in a test tube
  5. All of the above

Ans: 5

Q74. What is the purpose of lymph?

  1. It maintains the blood volume
  2. It acts as a middleman of the body as it transports substances which cannot be directly absorbed in the blood.
  3. Lymph due to presence of a large amount of lymphocytes plays an important role in the immune system
  4. All of the above

Ans: 4

body fluids and circulation

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